Analysis Of The Reasons Of Democratization

Analysis Of The Reasons Of Democratization In general, the reasons of democratization shift in different countries. Samuel P. Huntington raises five main elements to explain his points of view. The author would like to examine how these five factors resulted in the democratization in South Korea and are the exclusive reasons. Besides, does China have difficulty to become a democratic country only because it lacks of these five conditions? Infection results: it means when the other countries start to call for the democracy, the countries nearby would be affected and the citizens would appeal to their government to reform and therefore forms the domino effect. For instance, the third wave in East Europe in 1990’s and the fourth wave democratization in North Africa in 2011. The collapse of the authoritarian government: when the current regime couldn’t provide the basic need of its people and maintain the order of the politics, civilians will call for the reform and even the revolution to rebuild the democratic reg ime. The collapse of USSR is one of the examples and we can see that due to its serious problem brought by the economic recession. The growth of economic system: the notion of the liberalism indicates that the boost in economic growth will create the richer middle-class which would ask for the opportunities of getting involved in politics. In this kind of situation, the social mobilization and the information will become faster to decrease the legitimacy of the authoritarian government. South Korea and Taiwan belong to this part. The choice of political leaders: one of the crucial keys come from the elites of the ruling classes, especially when the leaders become aware of the transition of the environment makes the democracy is the only cure to maintain the current regime. For instance, the former President of South Africa Frederik Willem de Klerk leaded South Africa to a democratic country. Influence of actors outside of the country: the impact of actions from foreign organizations or countries would construct the pressure to the autocratic regime. For example, the collapse of the Philippine of Marcos regime. The reasons for South Korea’s democratization The reasons for South Korea’s democratization are extensive and diversified. We can take our points of view from different angles including economic growth, social structure, political culture and the transition of history. The theory of Huntington elaborate the overall structure enables us to relate different events happened in South Korea to the factors of democratization. The author would like to use Huntington theory as the main stream to explain the reasons of democratization. We can general discover some of the elements of the theory of Huntington are the main reasons to give an impetus to the democratization but some are not. Economic growth is not necessary to become the direct element to democratization of South Korea Just like Huntington mentioned in his book of the third wave, â€Å" An overall correlation exists between the level of economic development and democracy have no level or pattern of economic development is in itself either necessary or sufficient to bring about democratization.†Ã‚   [ 1 ]   We can conclude from most of the third wave countries that the success of the democratization of third countries that there will be mass middle-class emerging before the formal democratization. This could be proved by the countries in the third wave are mostly the higher developing countries.   [ 2 ]   However, the GDP growth rate in South Korea in 1960 -1980’s is averagely 8.5-8.9%   [ 3 ]   , which is higher than lots of Latin American countries. But the time of democratization in South Korea was later than Latin American countries. This is explained by Huntington in his article in 1984 that he thought this is an exception.   [ 4 ]   To conclude, Huntington pointed out there might be two reasons; the first one is the tradition Confuci anism emphasize the structure of the social levels, authority, community, and loyalty which postponed the society’s requests of democracy, and the second reason is because the rapid economic growth happened in a relatively equal income distribution environment. However, when it reached the critical point in 1980’s, it forced South Korea to begin its democratization.   [ 5 ]

Fiscal Policy and Its Implications in Belgium Assignment

Fiscal Policy and Its Implications in Belgium - Assignment Example The government may also choose to increase its own spending and with this, jobs are created, an element that lowers the unemployment rate. Briefly, Fiscal policy is a major driver of the nation’s economic performance. Government spending would include the purchase of goods and services. Since it has the power to lower or rise, real GDP It qualifies to be a fiscal policy tool. The government can influence economic output if it adjusts its spending. Apart from the effect of government spending on the economy, it also affects businesses dealing with goods and services bought by the government thus multiplying through the economy (Moller, 52). The GDP may be stimulated if consumers spend the paychecks they earn from their businesses. When those dealing with government vehicles receive large orders, their sales tend to increase. This makes them hire more employees who in turn earn paychecks from the companies. The employees then spend this money on goods and services thus increasing spending, leading to a much greater result. This effect is called the multiplier effect. The changes that occur in taxes affect the average consumer income, and changes in consumption leading to changes in real GDP. These make it a fiscal policy tool. The government can influence economic output by adjusting taxes. They can be changed in several ways, and these include raising or lowering marginal taxes. Secondly, the tax rules can be modified or eliminated (Modigliani & Johnson 34). These include social security, welfare or unemployment checks. On a monthly basis, the checks go out all over the country thus serving as the income for millions of consumers. As in taxes, changes in transfer payments also leads to changes in consumer income. When consumers spend most of their income, they influence the economic output. These three tools are the ones that the government mostly administers to the economy to help it in the short term.

Assessing the outcomes of generation-y customers loyalty Literature review

Assessing the outcomes of generation-y customers loyalty - Literature review Example In response, banks have developed both offensive and defensive strategies in a bid to strengthen customer loyalty to their brands. Nonetheless, it is imperative to the players in the banking sector to note that development and maintenance of customer loyalty is the basis for increased profits because it leads to repeat patronage, positive word of mouth and less sensitivity to prices. The implication is that customer loyalty is a major determinant of profitability and the market share (Jumaev, Kumar & Hanaysha, 2012). Banks can only achieve customer loyalty if they are aware of some of the factors that are crucial for customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (Jumaev, Kumar & Hanaysha, 2012). Moreover, studies also show that customer loyalty is a subject of the particular type of the market segments. The youth generation is an important segment that has been much attention from the banking sector and they are fondly known as Generation Y because the young people exhibit unique buying powers based on their incomes (Castells, 2013). Since there is always a major competition for the older customers, banks are now shifting their focus to the younger people with appropriate strategies to retain them and also develop a strong loyalty to their brands. The particular focus on Generation Y is also triggered by the fact that they constitute a bigger percentage of the population of the developed countries. On the other hand, reaching customers at younger ages leads to strong relationships with the organization. Therefore, it is imperative to study the dynamics and elements that influence loyalty and satisfaction of the Generation Y through a search of the existing literature. The banking sector having been faced with fierce competition has witnessed numerous efforts for gaining competitive advantage (Delis, 2012). One of the common strategies with the most banks today

Greenwashing in Media Essay -- Ethical Issues, Misleading Customers

Research ProjectGreenwashing in Media In this day and age companies have mastered the technique of misleading customers by fabricating false claims about a green product or service that they swear to provide. This insincere display of information is called ‘Greenwashing’, a spin-off of ‘Whitewashing’. Greenwashing could be said to be a global phenomenon and it’s commonly seen in advertisements, on products packing, websites, emails, speeches, and videos (just to name a few). Greenwashing is a thought out process, a planned and typically well designed campaign. There is a wide range of reasons why companies are eager to partake in greenwashing; divert attention for regulatory change, to persuade critics or consumers, expand the company's market, and to make the company seem appealing. The goal of this paper is to provide three examples of ‘greenwashing’ and to relate these examples to Downing et al. concepts. To help further explain these misleading claims, a well recognized company by the media is called Terrachoice. â€Å"The Terrachoice Environment Marketing Consulting practice converts knowledge of markets, science and marketing into winning, client-centered solutions to help sustainability leaders deliver results† (â€Å"The "six sins," 2007). Terrachoice has conducted a study of the â€Å"Environmental Claims in North American Consumer Markets† and found shocking results that made them want to give warning to potential consumers about the ‘six sins of greenwashing. The Terrachoice Company was designed to improve the communication between the purchasers and consumers, helping to enhance, strengthen, and prove market relationship. Companies that carry out greenwashing commonly use the words, ‘green’, ‘energy efficient’, and ‘clean’ to expo... ...efit† (p. xx). More and more individuals will run into greenwashing ads from the news to even advertising; however it’s important to recognize the exaggeration, persuasiveness and omission of information in these ads. It’s evident that any form of media is filled with manipulation; pulling the perception, actions, fears, desires, and values out of the consumer. In our text Downing et al. begins saying, â€Å"empiricist communications research†¦are concerned more with questions, problems, and perspectives than with the mere recitation of detailed facts. Indeed, critical scholars would argue that facts by themselves are impossible to interpret if they are not placed into some model or theory about how the media and society work† (xxviii). I think this sums up why we all should be critical in a positive manner, and should use the theories that help us analyze media material.

Alcoholic drinking age should be lowered to 18 in the U.S

The drinking age in the United States can be considered as a controversial issue because people possess a dubious attitude in legalities of drinking age. In 1980 the minimum age of drinking in the United States was raised from 18 to 21.The intent was to reduce the consumption rates of alcohols and drunken driving among young adults. Age-21 law was implemented at that time and the sale of alcohol to the underage was strictly prohibited (Wiseto Social Issues).These laws are strictly implemented but teenagers are continuing to buy alcohol and drink illegally with fake identification cards. The law is implemented in the United States but it hasn’t stopped underage individuals to stop drinking. Researches and many individuals have stressed on the fact that drinking age must be lowered to 18 in the United States. In this paper we will discuss the arguments that are in favor of lowering the age limit from 21 to 18.Young adults should be allowed to drink in controlled environments lik e pubs, official functions, taverns etc. Their legal drinking age must be lowered to 19 or 18 and through controlled environment the phenomenon of responsible drinking can be taught. Role modeling and educational programs must be initiated and through these programs a sensible drinking behavior can be expected from young adults.There are many factors like seat belt and air bag usage, education concerning drink oriented programs etc that are responsible for driving problems and accidents during driving. Purchase age is not always responsible for driving problems and accidents during driving.An individual who is 18 years old in America possess the right to marry, the right to vote etc. That is the reason why drinking age must be lowered to 18 because an 18 year old individual is considered to be an adult in United States because 18 is the legal age of adulthood in United States. Dan Levine stresses on the point that an 18 year old individual can serve the military then why he or she c annot drink. Dan Levine states that â€Å"If you can toss a grenade, you should certainly be able to toss back a shot of tequila† (Wiseto Social Issues).People who are 18 years old must be legally allowed to drink and buy alcohol because this would reduce the element of binge drinking (Wechsler and Wuethrich).Through this approach teenagers would not break the law and this would indulge them in adult beverage. The legal age of drinking in every country except United States is 18 or younger. Every year millions of dollars are spent on twenty one year old drinking law and this law is promoted and enforced by the government (Kirk) that could be saved.A Michigan research suggests that in the year 2006, 72.2% of the twelfth graders were reported to drink alcohol at some point in time in their lives. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse claimed that the 20% of the alcohol revenues come from underage drinking.   Similarly, they added that the amount of alcohol cons umed individuals of 21 years and above have remained constant for about forty years (Aretha).In the United States most of the teenagers consume alcohol for the sole purpose of getting drunk. It must be used as a compliment to a meal but teenagers don’t follow this attribute of alcohol. Binge drinking in the United States is getting famous and people are adopting this dangerous habit in which they have unsupervised environments which can be a deadly problem for these young adults.The standards that are set for drinking in the United States have not stopped teenagers from drinking alcohol. Alcohol misuse in the country shows increasing trends and researchers suggest that out of four nearly one full time medical student nationwide met the medical threshold for substance abuse (Brown).Many people in the United States believe that lowering the drinking age is not a viable option because it would actually result in drunken driving fatalities. This might be considered as a truth bec ause a huge number of people are killed in United States because of drunk drivers but United States claims that it has the safest roads in the world. Moreover, 69% of the accidents are from individual who are 21 or above (Merino).

Effects of Humans Dependence on Technology - 1310 Words

Human’s dependence on technology to store and hold information for them leads to the decline of the human memory. Personal devices are changing the way humans remember information around them, and this is greatly impacting the quality of the human memory. Declarative memory, which is memory associated with facts and knowledge, is the type of memory that is troubled by technology, more specifically, by the internet. In modern society, when individuals are confronted with a question, they do not try to recall information in order to solve the problem; but rather turn to the internet for the answer. Individuals no longer try to learn from the information they already know, but rather quickly pick up the information online. Internets easy access from personal devices, such as cellphones and laptops, promotes individuals to use these devices as an external brain that thinks for you. Since individuals have become more reliant on the internet to solve their daily head-scratcher ques tions, this promotes individuals to rely on the internet to hold the answers as well. Research was directed by psychologist Betsey Sparrow to study the effects of search engines on the human memory. One of the experiments consisted of asking subjects to remember certain facts. More interestingly, half the subjects were told that the fact would be saved on a computer, while the other half were told the fact would be typed and then erased. The results demonstrated that individuals, who knew theShow MoreRelatedAddiction to Technology1174 Words   |  5 Pageslog in late at night? If you answered â€Å"often† or â€Å"always,† technology may be taking a toll on you (Parker). Technology is merely a way of life to society today. It is fused into everyday life and is constantly linked to basic human affairs. 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Ethics in Public Health Essay - 1212 Words

In the last three decades HIV/ AIDS has become the one of the most notorious and widely spread diseases in the modern world. Its discovery in the late seventies prompted worldwide concern. The one thing that has become the most bothersome thing about the HIV/ AIDS epidemic is prevention. Prevention or stopping the transmission of the diseases is hindered by factors such as: denial or non-acceptance by infected persons, unsafe sex, and non-disclosure by infected persons to their at risk sexual partner(s). According to Alghazo, Upton, and Cioe (2011): Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) the precursor to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is prevalent in the United States. The October 2008 Center for Disease Control (CDC) Morbidity†¦show more content†¦In medicine one of the things every patient is entitled to, no matter what, is their privacy. Since ancient times the privacy between a doctor and a patient has been somewhat of sacred thing. The patient has the right to release their health information to whomever they please. Even for doctors to access a patient’s medical history there has to be consent from the patient. In Mair’s article she reports about the case PD v Harvey in which PD upon asking for her future husband’s (FH) HIV test results was denied access because of lack of consent from FH. FH because of his right to confidentiality, despite having the disease, was able to lie and forge a pathology report which reported his HIV status as negative and in turn PD was lead to believe that FH actually received a negative result. If PD had been allowed the right to view the positive result or maybe even if the doctors would have taken into consideration her well-being PD could have avoided being infected (2009). 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