Analysis Of The Reasons Of Democratization

Analysis Of The Reasons Of Democratization In general, the reasons of democratization shift in different countries. Samuel P. Huntington raises five main elements to explain his points of view. The author would like to examine how these five factors resulted in the democratization in South Korea and are the exclusive reasons. Besides, does China have difficulty to become a democratic country only because it lacks of these five conditions? Infection results: it means when the other countries start to call for the democracy, the countries nearby would be affected and the citizens would appeal to their government to reform and therefore forms the domino effect. For instance, the third wave in East Europe in 1990’s and the fourth wave democratization in North Africa in 2011. The collapse of the authoritarian government: when the current regime couldn’t provide the basic need of its people and maintain the order of the politics, civilians will call for the reform and even the revolution to rebuild the democratic reg ime. The collapse of USSR is one of the examples and we can see that due to its serious problem brought by the economic recession. The growth of economic system: the notion of the liberalism indicates that the boost in economic growth will create the richer middle-class which would ask for the opportunities of getting involved in politics. In this kind of situation, the social mobilization and the information will become faster to decrease the legitimacy of the authoritarian government. South Korea and Taiwan belong to this part. The choice of political leaders: one of the crucial keys come from the elites of the ruling classes, especially when the leaders become aware of the transition of the environment makes the democracy is the only cure to maintain the current regime. For instance, the former President of South Africa Frederik Willem de Klerk leaded South Africa to a democratic country. Influence of actors outside of the country: the impact of actions from foreign organizations or countries would construct the pressure to the autocratic regime. For example, the collapse of the Philippine of Marcos regime. The reasons for South Korea’s democratization The reasons for South Korea’s democratization are extensive and diversified. We can take our points of view from different angles including economic growth, social structure, political culture and the transition of history. The theory of Huntington elaborate the overall structure enables us to relate different events happened in South Korea to the factors of democratization. The author would like to use Huntington theory as the main stream to explain the reasons of democratization. We can general discover some of the elements of the theory of Huntington are the main reasons to give an impetus to the democratization but some are not. Economic growth is not necessary to become the direct element to democratization of South Korea Just like Huntington mentioned in his book of the third wave, â€Å" An overall correlation exists between the level of economic development and democracy have no level or pattern of economic development is in itself either necessary or sufficient to bring about democratization.†Ã‚   [ 1 ]   We can conclude from most of the third wave countries that the success of the democratization of third countries that there will be mass middle-class emerging before the formal democratization. This could be proved by the countries in the third wave are mostly the higher developing countries.   [ 2 ]   However, the GDP growth rate in South Korea in 1960 -1980’s is averagely 8.5-8.9%   [ 3 ]   , which is higher than lots of Latin American countries. But the time of democratization in South Korea was later than Latin American countries. This is explained by Huntington in his article in 1984 that he thought this is an exception.   [ 4 ]   To conclude, Huntington pointed out there might be two reasons; the first one is the tradition Confuci anism emphasize the structure of the social levels, authority, community, and loyalty which postponed the society’s requests of democracy, and the second reason is because the rapid economic growth happened in a relatively equal income distribution environment. However, when it reached the critical point in 1980’s, it forced South Korea to begin its democratization.   [ 5 ]

Fiscal Policy and Its Implications in Belgium Assignment

Fiscal Policy and Its Implications in Belgium - Assignment Example The government may also choose to increase its own spending and with this, jobs are created, an element that lowers the unemployment rate. Briefly, Fiscal policy is a major driver of the nation’s economic performance. Government spending would include the purchase of goods and services. Since it has the power to lower or rise, real GDP It qualifies to be a fiscal policy tool. The government can influence economic output if it adjusts its spending. Apart from the effect of government spending on the economy, it also affects businesses dealing with goods and services bought by the government thus multiplying through the economy (Moller, 52). The GDP may be stimulated if consumers spend the paychecks they earn from their businesses. When those dealing with government vehicles receive large orders, their sales tend to increase. This makes them hire more employees who in turn earn paychecks from the companies. The employees then spend this money on goods and services thus increasing spending, leading to a much greater result. This effect is called the multiplier effect. The changes that occur in taxes affect the average consumer income, and changes in consumption leading to changes in real GDP. These make it a fiscal policy tool. The government can influence economic output by adjusting taxes. They can be changed in several ways, and these include raising or lowering marginal taxes. Secondly, the tax rules can be modified or eliminated (Modigliani & Johnson 34). These include social security, welfare or unemployment checks. On a monthly basis, the checks go out all over the country thus serving as the income for millions of consumers. As in taxes, changes in transfer payments also leads to changes in consumer income. When consumers spend most of their income, they influence the economic output. These three tools are the ones that the government mostly administers to the economy to help it in the short term.

Assessing the outcomes of generation-y customers loyalty Literature review

Assessing the outcomes of generation-y customers loyalty - Literature review Example In response, banks have developed both offensive and defensive strategies in a bid to strengthen customer loyalty to their brands. Nonetheless, it is imperative to the players in the banking sector to note that development and maintenance of customer loyalty is the basis for increased profits because it leads to repeat patronage, positive word of mouth and less sensitivity to prices. The implication is that customer loyalty is a major determinant of profitability and the market share (Jumaev, Kumar & Hanaysha, 2012). Banks can only achieve customer loyalty if they are aware of some of the factors that are crucial for customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (Jumaev, Kumar & Hanaysha, 2012). Moreover, studies also show that customer loyalty is a subject of the particular type of the market segments. The youth generation is an important segment that has been much attention from the banking sector and they are fondly known as Generation Y because the young people exhibit unique buying powers based on their incomes (Castells, 2013). Since there is always a major competition for the older customers, banks are now shifting their focus to the younger people with appropriate strategies to retain them and also develop a strong loyalty to their brands. The particular focus on Generation Y is also triggered by the fact that they constitute a bigger percentage of the population of the developed countries. On the other hand, reaching customers at younger ages leads to strong relationships with the organization. Therefore, it is imperative to study the dynamics and elements that influence loyalty and satisfaction of the Generation Y through a search of the existing literature. The banking sector having been faced with fierce competition has witnessed numerous efforts for gaining competitive advantage (Delis, 2012). One of the common strategies with the most banks today